Laser treatment of genital warts

What are genital warts, or condylomas?

Condylomas (genital warts, condylomata acuminata) are benign skin growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), occurring in the genital and perianal areas. They can appear in different forms: as small wart-like, flat, or cauliflower-shaped growths.

Condylomas are transmitted through sexual contact — when they are detected, it is important to inform the sexual partner as well.

Typical signs:

• Small spots or growths around the anus or on the skin of the genitals.
• Skin-coloured or brownish.
• They may increase in size and spread if left untreated.
• Usually painless.
• May cause intermittent itching.
• May cause bleeding or mucus discharge.

When is surgical removal necessary?

Removal of condylomas may be necessary if:

• the condylomas cause discomfort, itching, or irritation;
• the growths increase in size or spread;
• there is bleeding or recurrent inflammation;
• the condylomas are located in an area where they interfere with everyday life or intimate life;
• the patient wishes to reduce the risk of transmitting the infection to their partner;
• the condylomas cause cosmetic or psychological discomfort.

The smaller the condylomas are, the easier and more comfortable their removal is.

Laser and/or surgical removal

Laser vaporisation or surgical removal are effective treatment methods for large, numerous, or locally treatment-resistant condylomas. Depending on the medical indication and the patient’s preferences, the following methods may be selected: surgical removal, a laser procedure, or a combination of these methods.

The procedure is usually performed under local anaesthesia, although in certain cases it may also be performed under general anaesthesia.

What do you need to know before the operation?

• Local anaesthesia is administered before the procedure.
• The laser destroys the condyloma tissue using heat, or the surgeon removes it mechanically.
• The procedure usually takes 15–30 minutes.
• After the procedure, a wound remains and usually heals within 2–4 weeks.