Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) care 

During your consultation, we will identify the cause of your ear, nose, or throat symptoms and develop an appropriate treatment plan. We assess both acute and long-term conditions and, when necessary, perform additional diagnostic examinations on-site, including hearing tests, ear microscopy, and endoscopic examinations of the nasal cavity and larynx.

When should you see an ENT specialist?

Book an appointment if you:

• have persistent or recurrent runny nose, nasal congestion, or difficulty breathing through your nose;
• experience nosebleeds;
• have a sore throat, hoarseness, a nasal-sounding voice, or difficulty swallowing;
• have noticed hearing loss, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), or suffer from recurrent ear infections;
• snore or experience pauses in breathing during sleep;
• require follow-up care or treatment after previous surgery.

Nasopharyngoscopy is a quick and accurate examination in which the doctor uses a thin, flexible camera (endoscope) to examine the inside of the nasal cavity, the openings of the paranasal sinuses, and the back of the nose and throat.

When is a nasopharyngoscopy needed?

The examination may be recommended if you:

• have persistent nasal congestion or difficulty breathing through your nose;
• have a runny nose or cough that persists despite treatment;
• are suspected of having enlarged adenoids or inflammation of the nasopharynx;
• require assessment before or after nasal surgery.

What should you know about the examination?

• The examination is performed using a thin, flexible endoscope and is generally painless.
• It may cause sneezing or mild discomfort, which usually passes quickly.
• The procedure is suitable for both adults and children.

With an endoscopic examination, we can assess the movement of the vocal cords, as well as detect inflammation and other changes that may cause hoarseness or voice loss.

When should you have a vocal cord examination?

You should book an examination if you:

• have hoarseness, voice fatigue, or a cough lasting longer than a few weeks;
• experience pain or a sensation of a lump in the throat;
• have been advised by a doctor to undergo examination before or after vocal cord treatment or surgery.

have been advised by a doctor to undergo examination before or after vocal cord treatment or surgery.

• The examination is performed using a thin, flexible endoscope and is generally painless.
• It may cause sneezing or mild discomfort, which usually resolves quickly.
• The procedure is suitable for both adults and children.

Audiometry is one of the primary examinations used to assess hearing problems. It measures the sensitivity and quality of hearing across different sounds and frequencies. The test is recommended if you experience tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ears), dizziness, or recurrent ear infections.

What does audiometry show?

• identify the causes of reduced or impaired hearing;
• determine the degree of hearing loss and whether it affects one or both ears;
• define the type of hearing loss.

What should you know about the test?

• What should you know about the test?
• During the test, you will wear headphones and listen to sounds of varying volume and frequency.

Tympanometry is a test that evaluates the function of the middle ear. It measures middle ear pressure and the mobility of the eardrum and ossicles (middle ear bones).

When is tympanometry needed?

• experience hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or recurrent ear infections;
• suspect fluid in the middle ear;
• have a child with hearing problems or delayed speech development;
• require hearing assessment before or after treatment.

require hearing assessment before or after treatment.

• The examination is completely painless and takes only a few seconds.
• The examination is completely painless and takes only a few seconds.
• A small, gentle probe is placed in the ear canal.
• The test is suitable for both adults and children.

Microscopic examination is a highly precise diagnostic method used to examine the ear, nose, or throat area under strong magnification and illumination. It allows the detection of changes that may not be visible to the naked eye or with a standard examination. It is most commonly used for ear examination, as the microscope provides a detailed view of the ear canal and eardrum.

When is microscopic examination used?

When is microscopic examination used?

• The procedure may be necessary if there is suspicion of:
• ear infection, eardrum damage, or perforation;
• The examination is painless, although it may cause some discomfort if the area is inflamed.
• chronic ear, nose, or throat inflammation;

What should you know about the examination?

The procedure is suitable for both adults and children.

The examination is painless, although it may cause some discomfort if the area is inflamed.

Nasal cauterisation is a procedure used to stop nosebleeds by sealing a bleeding blood vessel in the nasal cavity. This helps reduce the recurrence of nosebleeds.

When is the procedure needed?

• The procedure may be recommended if you:
• experience recurrent nosebleeds;
• have nosebleeds that occur easily or spontaneously;
• are found to have a fragile or actively bleeding blood vessel in the nasal lining.

are found to have a fragile or actively bleeding blood vessel in the nasal lining.

• What should you know about the procedure?
• It is generally quick and well tolerated;
• Mild tenderness or slight bleeding may occur afterwards;
• You should avoid forceful nose blowing and heavy physical activity for a few days;
• Nasal moisturising or ointment may be recommended during healing.

The procedure is suitable for both adults and children.

Myringotomy is a minor procedure in which a small incision is made in the eardrum to drain fluid or pus from the middle ear and relieve pain and pressure. The procedure helps improve ventilation of the middle ear and may also reduce hearing loss.

When is the procedure needed?

• acute middle ear infection with severe ear pain or pressure;
• fluid or pus accumulation in the middle ear;
• hearing loss associated with fluid in the middle ear;
• persistent or worsening symptoms despite treatment;
• the need to obtain middle ear fluid for diagnostic purposes or drainage.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The procedure is usually performed under local anaesthesia, or under general anaesthesia in children;
• It is a short procedure, typically lasting only a few minutes;
• Mild ear discharge may occur afterwards;
• Hearing and pressure symptoms often improve quickly;
• The eardrum opening usually heals on its own within a few days to a week.

Closure of a nasal septal perforation using a silicone button is a procedure aimed at reducing symptoms caused by a hole in the nasal septum, such as nasal congestion, crusting, whistling during breathing, or nasal dryness. The silicone implant helps close the perforation and improves airflow within the nasal cavity.

When is the procedure needed?

• a perforation (hole) in the nasal septum;
• dryness of the nose or crust formation caused by the perforation;
• whistling or discomfort during breathing;
• recurrent nosebleeds;
• impaired nasal breathing due to the perforation.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The procedure is usually performed under local anaesthesia;
• It is generally well tolerated;
• Mild tenderness or nasal congestion may occur afterwards;
• Regular nasal hydration and mucosal care are important during recovery;
• The implant may remain in place permanently or may need to be removed later, depending on the individual case.

Tonsillotomy is a surgical procedure in which the size of the tonsils is reduced to improve breathing and relieve symptoms caused by enlarged tonsils, particularly in children.

When is tonsil reduction recommended?

The procedure may be recommended if:

• your child snores or experiences pauses in breathing during sleep (sleep apnoea);
• enlarged tonsils cause difficulty swallowing;
• there are frequent sore throats or recurrent tonsil infections;
• your doctor recommends the procedure to improve breathing or sleep quality.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The operation is performed under general anaesthesia.
• The procedure usually takes 20–30 minutes.
• Recovery is generally quick, with most children recovering within 1–2 weeks.
• The procedure is available for children aged 5 years and older.
• The need for surgery is determined by your treating physician.

Tonsillectomy is the complete surgical removal of the tonsils. It is performed in cases of recurrent infections, abscesses, or breathing problems caused by enlarged tonsils.

When is tonsil removal needed?

Tonsillectomy may be recommended if:

• there are recurrent or chronic tonsil infections;
• infections frequently cause fever, malaise, and inability to work or attend school;
• infections spread or cause complications, such as in the ear or neck region;
• the tonsils are persistently enlarged and interfere with breathing or swallowing.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The operation is performed under general anaesthesia and typically takes 30–45 minutes.
• The recovery period usually lasts 2–3 weeks.
• After surgery, sore throat and difficulty swallowing are common and gradually resolve within about 3 weeks.
• The procedure is available for children aged 5 years and older.

Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils). The operation helps improve nasal breathing and reduce recurrent or chronic nasal and ear infections.

When is adenoid removal needed?

The procedure may be recommended if a child has:

• persistent nasal congestion or mouth breathing;
• frequent runny nose, middle ear infections, or hearing loss;
• snoring or restless sleep;
• enlarged adenoids confirmed by a doctor.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The operation is performed under general anaesthesia and usually takes 20–30 minutes.
• After surgery, breathing and sleep quality typically improve.
• Recovery is usually quick, and the child can often go home the same day.
• The procedure is performed in children aged 5 years and older.
  

Septoplasty is an operation used to correct a deviated nasal septum in order to improve nasal breathing and reduce nasal congestion.

When is nasal septum surgery needed?

Surgery is needed when:

• breathing through the nose is persistently obstructed;
• one side of the nose is constantly or frequently blocked;
• there are problems on one side of the nose, such as crust formation;
• there is snoring or mouth breathing;
• nasal breathing is impaired during physical exertion or sleep;
• a deviated septum causes breathing difficulties or affects quality of life;
• there are recurrent sinus infections;
• a doctor has diagnosed a deviated nasal septum.

What should you know about the operation?

• The operation is performed under general anaesthesia and lasts 30–60 minutes.
• We place temporary nasal packing, which is removed on the same or the next day, and silicone splints (plates), which are removed after 5–7 days at a follow-up appointment; we remove them a few days later.
• Recovery takes 1–2 weeks.
• The operation is suitable for adults and adolescents from the age of 16.

Suulaeplastika (UPPP) on operatsioon, mille käigus korrigeeritakse pehmesuulae, kurgunibu ja neelu piirkonna kudesid, et parandada ülemiste hingamisteede läbitavust ning vähendada norskamist ja uneapnoed.

Millal on vaja operatsioon teha?

Operatsioon võib olla vajalik,:

• tugeva norskamise korral;
• kerge või mõõduka uneapnoe korral valitud juhtudel;
• kui esineb päevane väsimus ja mitte-taastav uni;
• kui CPAP-ravi või muud ravimeetodid ei ole olnud piisavalt efektiivsed või talutavad;
• kui hingamisteede ahenemine on seotud pehmesuulae ja neelu piirkonnaga.

Mida on vaja operatsiooni kohta teada?

• Teeme operatsiooni üldnarkoosis ja see kestab 45–60 minutit.
• Ravimeetodi valik sõltub individuaalsest anatoomiast ja uneapnoe raskusastmest. Vajadusel suunatakse enne operatsiooni täiendavatele uuringutele.
• Suulaeplastika ei sobi kõikidele patsientidele ning kõikidel juhtudel ei pruugi operatsioon norskamist või uneapnoed täielikult kõrvaldada.
• Pärast operatsiooni võib olla kurguvalu ja neelamisraskus.
• Taastumine kestab tavaliselt 1–3 nädalat olenevalt operatsiooni ulatusest
• Operatsioon tehakse tavaliselt täiskasvanutele.

Ninakarbikute vähendamine aitab parandada ninahingamist juhtudel, kui suurenenud ninakarbikud põhjustavad püsivat ninakinnisust. Ninakarbikud aitavad sissehingatavat õhku soojendada, niisutada ja puhastada, kuid nende suurenemine võib takistada normaalset õhu liikumist nina kaudu.

Millal on vaja ninakarbikuid vähendada?

Operatsioon on vajalik, kui:

• esineb pidev ninakinnisus võikrooniline nohu;
• esinev allergiline nohu ja sümptomid püsivad vaatamata ravile;
• suurenenud ninakarbikud takistavad ninahingamist;
•  ravimid ega ninaspreid ei aita piisavalt.

Mida on operatsiooni kohta vaja teada?

• Operatsioon on üldiselt lühike ja kestab umbes 10–20 minutit;
• operatsioon tehakse kohaliku tuimestuse või üldnarkoosiga;
• esimestel päevadel pärast operatsiooni võib nina olla turses ja kinnine;
• enamasti on taastumine kiire ning väljendunud valu ei esine;
• protseduur sobib nii täiskasvanutele kui ka valitud juhtudel lastele.

Ninatiivaplastika on operatsioon, mille eesmärk on parandada ninahingamist, korrigeerides ninatiibade või nina sissepääsu piirkonna ahenemist ja nõrkust. Operatsioon aitab parandada õhu liikumist nina kaudu ning vähendada hingamistakistust.

Millal on operatsioon vajalik?

Operatsioon võib vajalik olla, kui:

• ninahingamine on häiritud nina sissepääsu piirkonna ahenemise tõttu;
• ninatiivad vajuvad hingamisel sissepoole;
• esineb püsiv ninakinnisus vaatamata ravile;
• hingamine on raskendatud füüsilise koormuse või une ajal;
• nina piirkonna varasem trauma või operatsioon on mõjutanud ninahingamist.

Mida on vaja operatsiooni kohta teada?

• operatsioon tehakse sõltuvalt protseduurist kohaliku tuimestuse või üldnarkoosiga;
• operatsiooni eesmärk on parandada nina funktsiooni ja õhu liikumist;
• pärast operatsiooni võib esineda ninatiiva piirkonna kerget turset ja tundlikkust ning kerget ninakinnisust;
• taastumine on tavaliselt suhteliselt kiire ning ninahingamine paraneb järk-järgult.

Ear tube insertion (grommet surgery) is a minor surgical procedure in which a ventilation tube (grommet) is placed into the eardrum to improve ventilation of the middle ear. This helps reduce fluid accumulation in the middle ear, improve hearing, and lower the risk of recurrent infections.

When is the operation needed?

Surgery is needed when:

• there are recurrent middle ear infections that do not respond to standard treatment;
• there is fluid in the middle ear that has persisted for several months;
• hearing has decreased due to fluid buildup in the middle ear;
• there is a constant feeling of pressure or discomfort in the ears;
• a child shows delayed speech or development due to hearing problems.

What should you know about the procedure?

• Hearing often improves immediately or within a few days.
• After the procedure, it is necessary to avoid water entering the ear according to the doctor’s instructions.
• The tubes usually come out on their own within a few months to a year.
• After the operation, mild discomfort or ear discharge may occur for a few days.