Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) care

During your consultation, we will identify the cause of your ear, nose, or throat symptoms and develop an appropriate treatment plan. We assess both acute and long-term conditions and, when necessary, perform additional diagnostic examinations on-site, including hearing tests, ear microscopy, and endoscopic examinations of the nasal cavity and larynx.

When should you see an ENT specialist?

Book an appointment if you:

• have persistent or recurrent runny nose, nasal congestion, or difficulty breathing through your nose;
• experience nosebleeds;
• have a sore throat, hoarseness, a nasal-sounding voice, or difficulty swallowing;
• have noticed hearing loss, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), or suffer from recurrent ear infections;
• snore or experience pauses in breathing during sleep;
• require follow-up care or treatment after previous surgery.

A follow-up ENT consultation to assess your condition and the results of previous treatment. If necessary, the diagnosis is уточнена, the treatment plan is adjusted, and further recommendations are provided.

Nasal cauterisation is a procedure used to stop nosebleeds by sealing a bleeding blood vessel in the nasal cavity. This helps reduce the recurrence of nosebleeds.

When is the procedure needed?

• The procedure may be recommended if you:
• experience recurrent nosebleeds;
• have nosebleeds that occur easily or spontaneously;
• are found to have a fragile or actively bleeding blood vessel in the nasal lining.

are found to have a fragile or actively bleeding blood vessel in the nasal lining.

• What should you know about the procedure?
• It is generally quick and well tolerated;
• Mild tenderness or slight bleeding may occur afterwards;
• You should avoid forceful nose blowing and heavy physical activity for a few days;
• Nasal moisturising or ointment may be recommended during healing.

The procedure is suitable for both adults and children.

Myringotomy (paracentesis of the tympanic membrane) is a minor procedure in which a small incision is made in the eardrum to drain fluid or pus from the middle ear and relieve ear pain and pressure. The procedure helps improve middle ear ventilation and may alleviate hearing loss.

When may the procedure be necessary?

• in cases of acute otitis media when there is severe ear pain or a feeling of pressure in the ear;
• when fluid or pus has accumulated in the middle ear;
• in cases of hearing loss associated with fluid in the middle ear;
• when the infection does not respond to treatment or symptoms worsen;
• when fluid from the middle ear needs to be examined or drained.

What should you know about the procedure?

• the procedure is usually performed under local anaesthesia or, in children, under general anaesthesia;
• it is a short procedure and usually takes only a few minutes;
• a small amount of discharge from the ear may occur after the procedure;
• hearing and the feeling of pressure in the ear often improve quickly;
• the opening in the eardrum usually heals on its own within a few days to a week.

Closure of a nasal septal perforation using a silicone button is a procedure aimed at reducing symptoms caused by a hole in the nasal septum, such as nasal congestion, crusting, whistling during breathing, or nasal dryness. The silicone implant helps close the perforation and improves airflow within the nasal cavity.

When is the procedure needed?

• a perforation (hole) in the nasal septum;
• dryness of the nose or crust formation caused by the perforation;
• whistling or discomfort during breathing;
• recurrent nosebleeds;
• impaired nasal breathing due to the perforation.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The procedure is usually performed under local anaesthesia;
• It is generally well tolerated;
• Mild tenderness or nasal congestion may occur afterwards;
• Regular nasal hydration and mucosal care are important during recovery;
• The implant may remain in place permanently or may need to be removed later, depending on the individual case.

Turbinate reduction helps improve nasal breathing when enlarged nasal turbinates cause persistent nasal congestion. The nasal turbinates play an important role in warming, humidifying and filtering the air we breathe. However, when enlarged, they can obstruct normal airflow through the nose.

When is turbinate reduction necessary?

Surgery may be recommended if:

• medications and nasal sprays do not provide sufficient relief;
• there is persistent nasal congestion or chronic rhinitis;
• allergic rhinitis is present and symptoms persist despite treatment;
• enlarged nasal turbinates obstruct nasal breathing.

What should you know about the surgery?

• the procedure is generally short and takes approximately 10–20 minutes;
• it is performed under local or general anaesthesia;
• the nose may be swollen and congested during the first few days after surgery;
• recovery is usually quick, and significant pain is uncommon;
• the procedure is suitable for both adults and children in selected cases.

Nasopharyngoscopy is a quick and accurate examination in which the doctor uses a thin, flexible camera (endoscope) to examine the inside of the nasal cavity, the openings of the paranasal sinuses, and the back of the nose and throat.

When is a nasopharyngoscopy needed?

The examination may be recommended if you:

• have persistent nasal congestion or difficulty breathing through your nose;
• have a runny nose or cough that persists despite treatment;
• are suspected of having enlarged adenoids or inflammation of the nasopharynx;
• require assessment before or after nasal surgery.

What should you know about the examination?

• The examination is performed using a thin, flexible endoscope and is generally painless.
• It may cause sneezing or mild discomfort, which usually passes quickly.
• The procedure is suitable for both adults and children.

With an endoscopic examination, we can assess the movement of the vocal cords, as well as detect inflammation and other changes that may cause hoarseness or voice loss.

When should you have a vocal cord examination?

You should book an examination if you:

• have hoarseness, voice fatigue, or a cough lasting longer than a few weeks;
• experience pain or a sensation of a lump in the throat;
• have been advised by a doctor to undergo examination before or after vocal cord treatment or surgery.

have been advised by a doctor to undergo examination before or after vocal cord treatment or surgery.

• The examination is performed using a thin, flexible endoscope and is generally painless.
• It may cause sneezing or mild discomfort, which usually resolves quickly.
• The procedure is suitable for both adults and children.

Pure-tone audiometry is one of the main tests used to assess hearing problems. It measures hearing sensitivity and the ability to hear different sounds and frequencies. This test is recommended if you experience ringing or buzzing in the ears (tinnitus), dizziness, or recurrent ear infections.

What does a pure-tone audiometry test show?

• Helps identify the causes of hearing deterioration and hearing loss.
• Shows the degree of hearing loss and whether it affects one or both ears.
• Helps determine the type of hearing loss.

What do you need to know?

• The test is painless and takes 10–20 minutes.
• During the test, you will wear headphones through which you will hear sounds at different volumes and frequencies.

Tympanometry is a test that evaluates the function of the middle ear. It measures middle ear pressure and the mobility of the eardrum and ossicles (middle ear bones).

When is tympanometry needed?

• experience hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or recurrent ear infections;
• suspect fluid in the middle ear;
• have a child with hearing problems or delayed speech development;
• require hearing assessment before or after treatment.

require hearing assessment before or after treatment.

• The examination is completely painless and takes only a few seconds.
• The examination is completely painless and takes only a few seconds.
• A small, gentle probe is placed in the ear canal.
• The test is suitable for both adults and children.

Microscopic examination is a highly precise diagnostic method used to examine the ear, nose, or throat area under strong magnification and illumination. It allows the detection of changes that may not be visible to the naked eye or with a standard examination. It is most commonly used for ear examination, as the microscope provides a detailed view of the ear canal and eardrum.

When is microscopic examination used?

When is microscopic examination used?

• The procedure may be necessary if there is suspicion of:
• ear infection, eardrum damage, or perforation;
• The examination is painless, although it may cause some discomfort if the area is inflamed.
• chronic ear, nose, or throat inflammation;

What should you know about the examination?

The procedure is suitable for both adults and children.

The examination is painless, although it may cause some discomfort if the area is inflamed.

Tonsillotomy is a surgical procedure in which the size of the tonsils is reduced to improve breathing and relieve symptoms caused by enlarged tonsils, particularly in children.

When is tonsil reduction recommended?

The procedure may be recommended if:

• your child snores or experiences pauses in breathing during sleep (sleep apnoea);
• enlarged tonsils cause difficulty swallowing;
• there are frequent sore throats or recurrent tonsil infections;
• your doctor recommends the procedure to improve breathing or sleep quality.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The operation is performed under general anaesthesia.
• The procedure usually takes 20–30 minutes.
• Recovery is generally quick, with most children recovering within 1–2 weeks.
• The procedure is available for children aged 5 years and older.
• The need for surgery is determined by your treating physician.

Nasal Alar Plasty (Nasal Valve Repair) is a surgical procedure designed to improve nasal breathing by correcting narrowing or weakness of the nasal alae (nostrils) or the nasal entrance area. The procedure helps improve airflow through the nose and reduce breathing obstruction.

When is surgery necessary?

Surgery may be necessary if:

• nasal breathing is impaired due to narrowing of the nasal entrance;
• the nasal alae collapse inward during inhalation;
• persistent nasal congestion occurs despite treatment;
• breathing is difficult during physical activity or sleep;
• previous trauma or nasal surgery has affected nasal breathing.

What should you know about the surgery?

• depending on the procedure, surgery is performed under local or general anaesthesia;
• the aim of the surgery is to improve nasal function and airflow;
• mild swelling and tenderness around the nasal alae, as well as slight nasal congestion, may occur after surgery;
• recovery is usually relatively quick, and nasal breathing improves gradually.

Tonsillectomy is the complete surgical removal of the tonsils. It is performed in cases of recurrent infections, abscesses, or breathing problems caused by enlarged tonsils.

When is tonsil removal needed?

Tonsillectomy may be recommended if:

• there are recurrent or chronic tonsil infections;
• infections frequently cause fever, malaise, and inability to work or attend school;
• infections spread or cause complications, such as in the ear or neck region;
• the tonsils are persistently enlarged and interfere with breathing or swallowing.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The operation is performed under general anaesthesia and typically takes 30–45 minutes.
• The recovery period usually lasts 2–3 weeks.
• After surgery, sore throat and difficulty swallowing are common and gradually resolve within about 3 weeks.
• The procedure is available for children aged 5 years and older.

Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils). The operation helps improve nasal breathing and reduce recurrent or chronic nasal and ear infections.

When is adenoid removal needed?

The procedure may be recommended if a child has:

• persistent nasal congestion or mouth breathing;
• frequent runny nose, middle ear infections, or hearing loss;
• snoring or restless sleep;
• enlarged adenoids confirmed by a doctor.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The operation is performed under general anaesthesia and usually takes 20–30 minutes.
• After surgery, breathing and sleep quality typically improve.
• Recovery is usually quick, and the child can often go home the same day.
• The procedure is performed in children aged 5 years and older.
  

Ear tube insertion (grommet surgery) is a minor surgical procedure in which a ventilation tube (grommet) is placed into the eardrum to improve ventilation of the middle ear. This helps reduce fluid accumulation in the middle ear, improve hearing, and lower the risk of recurrent infections.

When is the operation needed?

Surgery is needed when:

• there are recurrent middle ear infections that do not respond to standard treatment;
• there is fluid in the middle ear that has persisted for several months;
• hearing has decreased due to fluid buildup in the middle ear;
• there is a constant feeling of pressure or discomfort in the ears;
• a child shows delayed speech or development due to hearing problems.

What should you know about the procedure?

• Hearing often improves immediately or within a few days.
• After the procedure, it is necessary to avoid water entering the ear according to the doctor’s instructions.
• The tubes usually come out on their own within a few months to a year.
• After the operation, mild discomfort or ear discharge may occur for a few days.

Septoplasty is an operation used to correct a deviated nasal septum in order to improve nasal breathing and reduce nasal congestion.

When is nasal septum surgery needed?

Surgery is needed when:

• breathing through the nose is persistently obstructed;
• one side of the nose is constantly or frequently blocked;
• there are problems on one side of the nose, such as crust formation;
• there is snoring or mouth breathing;
• nasal breathing is impaired during physical exertion or sleep;
• a deviated septum causes breathing difficulties or affects quality of life;
• there are recurrent sinus infections;
• a doctor has diagnosed a deviated nasal septum.

What should you know about the operation?

• The operation is performed under general anaesthesia and lasts 30–60 minutes.
• We place temporary nasal packing, which is removed on the same or the next day, and silicone splints (plates), which are removed after 5–7 days at a follow-up appointment; we remove them a few days later.
• Recovery takes 1–2 weeks.
• The operation is suitable for adults and adolescents from the age of 16.

Closure of a nasal septal perforation using a silicone button is a procedure aimed at reducing symptoms caused by a hole in the nasal septum, such as nasal congestion, crusting, whistling during breathing, or nasal dryness. The silicone implant helps close the perforation and improves airflow within the nasal cavity.

When is the procedure needed?

• a perforation (hole) in the nasal septum;
• dryness of the nose or crust formation caused by the perforation;
• whistling or discomfort during breathing;
• recurrent nosebleeds;
• impaired nasal breathing due to the perforation.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The procedure is usually performed under local anaesthesia;
• It is generally well tolerated;
• Mild tenderness or nasal congestion may occur afterwards;
• Regular nasal hydration and mucosal care are important during recovery;
• The implant may remain in place permanently or may need to be removed later, depending on the individual case.

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is a surgical procedure that involves modifying the tissues of the soft palate, uvula and pharynx to improve upper airway patency and reduce snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea.

When is surgery necessary?

Surgery may be recommended in the following cases:

• severe snoring;
• mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea in selected cases;
• daytime fatigue and non-restorative sleep;
• when CPAP therapy or other treatment methods have not been sufficiently effective or well tolerated;
• when airway narrowing is associated with the soft palate and pharyngeal region.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The operation is performed under general anaesthesia and takes 45–60 minutes.
• The choice of treatment depends on individual anatomy and the severity of sleep apnoea. Additional investigations may be recommended before surgery if necessary.
• Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is not suitable for all patients, and in some cases, the procedure may not completely eliminate snoring or sleep apnoea.
• Sore throat and difficulty swallowing may occur after surgery.
• Recovery usually takes 1–3 weeks, depending on the extent of the procedure.
• The operation is generally performed on adults.

Turbinate reduction helps improve nasal breathing when enlarged nasal turbinates cause persistent nasal congestion. The nasal turbinates warm, humidify and filter the air we breathe in, but when enlarged, they can obstruct normal airflow through the nose.

When is turbinate reduction necessary?

Surgery may be recommended if:

• persistent nasal congestion or chronic rhinitis is present;
• allergic rhinitis symptoms persist despite treatment;
• enlarged nasal turbinates obstruct nasal breathing;
• medications and nasal sprays do not provide sufficient relief.

What should you know about the procedure?

• The procedure is generally short and takes approximately 10–20 minutes;
• it is performed under local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia;
• the nose may be swollen and congested during the first few days after surgery;
• recovery is usually quick, and significant pain is uncommon;
• the procedure is suitable for adults and, in selected cases, children.

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a surgical procedure designed to improve ventilation and drainage of the paranasal sinuses and remove nasal polyps or inflammation-related tissue changes. The procedure helps improve nasal breathing and quality of life.

When is surgery necessary?

Surgery may be recommended if:

• chronic sinusitis or chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is present;
• a runny nose and nasal congestion persist despite treatment;
• nasal polyps or other benign tumours have been diagnosed;
• changes in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses cause persistent symptoms.

What should you know about the surgery?

• the operation is performed under general anaesthesia and takes approximately 45–90 minutes;
• an endoscopic technique is used, which leaves no external scars;
• you can usually return to work after approximately one week; however, nasal symptoms may persist, and a reduced activity level is generally recommended for 2–3 weeks.